Biography of Nathaniel Hawthorne Essay

Nathaniel Hawthorne was conceived in Salem, Massachusetts, on July 4, 1804. His folks were Nathaniel Hawthorne, and Elizabeth Clark Manning. His dad bites the dust of yellow fever when he was four years of age. He at that point experienced childhood in the keeping an eye on family unit with his grandparents, uncles, and aunties. Nathaniel Hawthorne was enamored with going for long strolls without anyone else and perusing too much. He considered Shakespeare, Pope, Milton, and Thompson. He went on experiences while he went for these long strolls and he expounded on his undertakings, this is the manner by which his composing aptitudes created. When Nathaniel Hawthorne turned 15 he moved to Maine with his uncle and later went to Bowdoin College in Brunswick. While in school he did inadequately in many classes acknowledge his artistic classes, where he exceeded expectations. He graduated 3 years after the fact. While in school He became companions with Henry W. Longfellow, Franklin Pierce , and Henry D. Thoreau. After school he came back to Salem, Massachusetts and lived in the keeping an eye on family unit. He at that point pulled back from society. H followed a similar timetable regular. He concentrated in the first part of the day, went for long strolls toward the evening, and afterward wrote at night. In 1828 he distributed his first book secretly, Fanshawe. He later at that point devastated all duplicates and was not glad for it. His first distribution that was a triumph was â€Å"The Token†, and â€Å"Peter Parley†. In 1830 he filled in as a manager for various distributions. He additionally started to compose children’s books. He at that point took an occupation in a custom house. In 1840 he relinquished his position realizing that he would before long be terminated because of the result of the political decision continuing during that time. He wedded Sophia Amelia Peabody. In 1844 he had his first girl. He at that point came back to Salem because of monetary weights. â€Å"Him losing his employment ended up being a gift as he had the opportunity to keep in touch with a portion of his best works†. For example, The Scarlet Letter, The House of Seven Gables, and The Birthdale Romance. In 1860, he distributed The Marble Faun, our old home, and later went on a visit with Franklin Pierce since Pierce was running for president. Nathaniel Hawthorne lived in a significant timeframe. In 1820-1830, Nathaniel Hawthorne was around 16-26 years of age. During that time the Erie waterway made new York the domain state, likewise during that timeframe Andrew Jackson’s debut party destroyed the white house. In 1830-1840 when Nathaniel Hawthorne was around 26-36 years of age. During that time Andrew Jackson beat up the man who attempted to kill him, additionally during that time Charles Darwin visits the Galapagos Island, and the possibility of characteristic determination and endurance of theâ fittest is acquainted with the world. During 1840-1850, Nathaniel Hawthorne was 36-46 years of age. The gold fever struck California and individuals were eager and aspiring. Additionally during that time in 1852 Franklin puncture was chosen president. Nathaniel Hawthorne helped Pierce with the battles for the political decision. During 1850-1870 Nathaniel Hawthorne was 46 and he passed on and in 1864 he kicked the bucket. During that time bargains over subjugation postponed the common war, and afterward the United States was torn over the common war. Nathaniel Hawthorne achieved a huge number of things during his lifetime and at a youthful age also, yet in his initial years when he was four his dad passed on. Nathaniel Hawthorne was the main kid yet had two different sisters. His initial years were spent in Salem, Massachusetts. At the point when he moved on from Bowdoin school he went on summer visits through the upper east. He in 1839 he took an occupation in a custom house in Boston, and filled in as a proofreader for various distributions. He likewise began his composing vocation, composing children’s books. Anyway in 1840, he surrendered realizing he would be terminated. In 1842 he wedded Sophia Amelia Peabody, and in 1844 his first little girl was conceived. A couple of years after the fact, money related compels constrained him to come back to Salem with his family. He at that point turn ed into an assessor of the port of Salem. In the mid 1850’s he lived in red house in Lennox and made a fellowship with Novelist, Herman Melville. In 1853-1858 Nathaniel Hawthorne composed a battle memoir for Franklin Pierce, he was later compensated with US consulship at Liverpool. Since the common war was continuing during that time he composed articled about the common war and his last years he joined an exploratory stream ranch network loaded up with visionary. He at that point went to Europe and went through seven years there before he passed on of a mind tumor in his rest. Nathaniel Hawthorne is a one of a kind author and had a one of a kind composing style heoften expounded on the day by day life and network and puritan decimation. In spite of the fact that he was a puritan he was not the run of the mill puritan author and composed from an alternate point of view about the puritan life. His most The tale The Scarlet Letter is maybe one of the most broadly read and generally illustrative of a large number of the topics in progress of Nathaniel Hawthorne. Beside the way that it is set during the Puritan time frame in American history, it manages numerous subjects different works, most outstandingly his renowned short story The Minister’s Black Veil, approachâ€the topic of transgression, particularly mystery sin. Hawthorne was entranced with wrongdoing and discipline andâ this topic is communicated obviously in The Scarlet Letter by the wearing of the weaved letter itself and clandestinely through huge numbers of the minor characters, for example, Roger Chillingworth are truly destroyed by transgression. Like Esther’s darling the evangelist in The Scarlet Letter who is grieved by mystery sin, so too is the priest in the short story by Nathaniel Hawthorne, The Minister’s Black Veil. Beside utilizing the moral story structure to tell moral stories, note that crafted by Nathaniel Hawthorne are not under any condition straightforward mortality stories with a strict reason. Hawthorne was composing during the Romanticism development and he additionally tries to investigate subjects of nature and mankind just as to push the constraints of human creative mind and innovativeness. One sign of this style is the utilization of the powerful, which positively happens in almost every story by Nathaniel Hawthorne, despite the fact that to various degrees. Books, for example, The House of the Seven Gables. Nathaniel Hawthorne’s commitment to American writing can be taken actually or essentially his presentation of another composing style and an alternate view on puritan ways. In 1824 he distributed Fanshawe namelessly, and leter that year he distributed â€Å"the token† and diminish conference. In 1832 he distributed youthful goodman brown† Roger malvin’s burial† and â€Å"My Kinsman major malineux†Ã¢â‚¬ a women’s story â€Å" The empty of the three hills†. In 1835 he distributed â€Å"anthencieum†. In 1837 he distributed, â€Å"twice told tales† American Magazine of helpful and engaging information. In 1841 he distributed â€Å"grandfathers chains†* and the following year he published†democratic review† and his most renowned work was distributed in 1845 <†scarlet letter’. In 1846 he dealt with â€Å"African journals† â€Å"a wonderbook for young men and young ladies in 1851 and the place of seven gables† in 1851 and in 1852 he distributed the â€Å"blithdale romance† in 1855 he distributed tangled for young ladies and boys† His last works are in 1860 â€Å"the marble faun† and our old home†1863. He is known for being the first amercian creator t o apply imaginative judgment to puritan culture.

buy custom The Gothic Genre essay

purchase custom The Gothic Genre exposition Gothic type is a style of writing that assembles the two components of repulsiveness and sentiment. It is consequently at times alluded to as Gothic fiction or gothic loathsomeness. It is accepted to have developed during the 1960s from a novel the Castle of Otranto by Horace Walpole. The writing was intended to panic perusers by utilization of puzzle and blood-turning sour records of horrendous scenes, for example, murder, villainy and utilization of extraordinary creatures. It is likewise connected with design ordinarily found in Europe described by flying support, figures of grotesqueness (grotesques fitted into their alcoves), scriptural images and vaults. Particular components of Gothic fiction were phantoms, frequented houses, demise, inherited condemnations and fear. Gothic writing picked up fame when there was an ascent of realism over religion and the changing of people groups way of life. During the advancement of gothic writing it in this way filled a hole because of judgm ent of Catholicism (Valdine, 1999). During this time the general public was feeling the squeeze to change because of innovation included. It is obvious, through the changing jobs in ladies in the general public. Through this ladies are made to pick their own destiny. The development of separation becomes an integral factor as society acknowledges it unquestioningly. Ladies are subsequently turning out to be an ever increasing number of learned as gothic books become their buddy and essayists. Along these lines with the gothic circumstance made ladies to have voice as womens profound established feelings of trepidation about being feebleness had since been blurred away. Ladies were in this manner acknowledged into the class which was not far commanded by men and consequently utilized as a road to investigate womens power. Outstandingly there are different works of gothic from various scholars, for example, Jane Austen (Northanger Abbey) and Mary Shelley (Frankenstein). They are in this manner the two ladies who set up t here works through the class. In this occasion ladies had the option to clarify the female and male cooperation on a female point of view. The situation of ladies was shown and the imbalance in the general public demonstrated obviously through this craftsmanship (Valdine, 1999). Northanger Abbey The gothic sort has assumed a basic job in social advancement that is both strategically, socially, and in financial matters organizing. Social advancement which is as yet being acknowledged has been accounted through speculations that attempt to clarify this advancement throughout everyday life. During the time of illumination reason was pushed for the accomplishment of long lasting objectives. The age has since finished during the French upset. In the Jane Austens Northanger Abbey she is seen as a Victorian as she planned the novel during the regime time frame, that is, during the finish of the eighteenth century. Nunnery mirrored the gothic kind. Creation of her books occurred before the sentimental period. Works created during this time were known as Neo-Classical which was profoundly connected to Enlightenment. During this period Europe considered the to be of books as a significant type. Austen henceforth teaches ladies on the quintessence of life from the books stage. She like wise advances composing and embracement of writing works for example gothic kind. She emulates Ann Radcliffes (Mysteries of Udolpho) her character as Morland is totally not true to form from the gothic perspective. She is along these lines seen to be exhausting and has issues in drawing men. Under typical circumstances she suspects something, powerful. In this occasion Austen figures out how to mirror the class (Stephen, 2004). The sentimental period saw the presenting of exacting standards and rules. Therefore sentimental writing highlighted nature, opportunity and extraordinary. Gothic writing makes sentimentalism as its fringe it be that as it may, incorporates components of imagination and riddle. This works makes the peruser to be set among the antiquated highlights being portrayed henceforth he/she turns into a character. It upgrades its value through mentally including the peruser into looking at themselves by utilizing reflections. Perusers are put on the lectern to make judgment on their own self (Stephen, 2004). Jane has presented sexual orientation fairness and women's liberation into the bleeding edge. Through her works exercises of womanly uprightness are seen. Ladies are urged to enhance the ever serious world and assume significant jobs as mainstream social images. Ladies in this occasion are educated to be free and take out hints of being peasants. This is through their jobs of securing the guys and all out acquiescence. Subsequently social aberrance was from ladies who are agreeable in the open space instead of inside the house. Jane as a women's activist had tried to change this circumstance and acquire an influx of woman's rights the general public. It was during this period that saw the rise of kid childcare, family arranging procedures and equivalent rights with their male partners. Notwithstanding this ladies likewise occupied with governmental issues and in the media. Anyway through it negative social conduct grew, lesbianism appeared as ladies attempted to be autonomous. Insigh ts show that womens job are regularly evolving definitely. Womens jobs attack mens introductory jobs in sciety. A few jobs, for example, minding of youngsters, division of family errands and sex related jobs for example living together and marriage (Honan, 1987). In her gothic novel Jane Austen centers around cultural issues which since that time have confronted incredible changes. Significant issues that she stressed on were cash, marriage, legalities of marriage and its other options, spot of ladies in the general public, repayment, ladies and initiative and instruction. In light of this a lot of issues encompass it with the inclusion of social liberties bunch the issues are on a pattern of progress on the wake of one more day. Frankenstein Then again Mary Shelley was a British author notable for her work Frankenstein. It has since propelled numerous in the field of writing. Shelley in her works contended that participation and pity that ladies harbor were the main route for social advancement and formation of fundamental changes. She goes further and attempts to instruct the political bleeding edge not have covetousness yet have the merciful heart of the female character. She esteems uniformity and agreement is the way advances. In the novel Victor Frankensteins misfortunes as a guardians shows the uneasiness of how we should grasp social advancement. She in this way centers around the family as the key component in a general public. Aside from this she likewise transfers the huge pretended by ladies and their job as ladies. This effects on the significance the two which the common society can't manage without. The epic advances instruction and womens job in the general public. It has henceforth it propels ladies to be less free, indicating that a man can not have an infant without a lady and the other way around. In this manner when women's activist qualities rule over the brutality and damaging men would communicate a superior nature for example merciful, thoughtful and liberal (Paula, 1995). In the novel the hero Victor Frankenstein objects conventions and structures his own life. He is thus obliged to live his family in quest for his set objectives. In Shelley edification thought she saw that people could practice solid legislative issues to improve the general public. In any case, she likewise realized that abuse of over the top force would prompt the end of society. For example Frankenstein peruses books that significantly manage key visionaries however this doesn't welcome any effect on his life. Mankind could be culminated through acceptable cultural morals whenever rehearsed. Through Frankenstein she shows upheaval maturing and dismissal of sentimentalism and illumination dreams which could be another option. Shelley in this manner, depicts the peruser as the leader who possesses presumption toward the finish of the scrutiny. Frankenstein sees production of life from cadavers is shrewd. His primary point is to assist humankind with overcoming demise and illnesses. Anyway toward the finish of his interest he understands that he has far made a revolting beast. He relinquishes what he has made. Victors disposition significantly changes portrayed by living his companions and abrupt difference in conduct. Shelley subsequently scrutinizes his aspiration and obligation as opposed to his creation works. He along these lines advances to everybody for maintaining a strategic distance from the thoughtless utilization of science. In this sense Victor assumes the job of researcher, whom from their works means to be well known, this will dehumanize the general public (Paula, 1995). In an alternate point of view Victor Frankenstein is contrasted with Prometheus who in folklore (Greek and Roman) he makes humanity like the resemblance of God. He at that point takes the valuable fire and offers it to humankind with no assent. A while later he faces Zeus fierceness by being affixed and his liver took care of to the hawk. In this manner, this delineates somebody who rises over all types of power. Prometheus transcended divine beings by doing this. Here, Frankenstein is a revolutionary whereby he defy nature by attempting to swindle demise. Frankenstein accordingly is sentimental promethean saint by bombing in his endeavors, formation of human through bodies. His endeavor to help man fizzles (Chris, 1990). Hypothesis, for example, the women's activist hypothesis proposes that Victor is a delinquent. He sins against God and nature. Aside from being corrupt it is disparages ladies as the focal point of common multiplication. The creation devastates the women's activist ethic as the beast is because of a puzzling demonstration, gothic in nature. In the long run ladies become less imperative to the presence of people. The man who is the focal point of intensity denies ladies the opportunity to multiply who without her reality life doesn't exist at that point. The making of ideal creatures through cloning acquired thoughts from this. Victor in his cognizant nature acknowledged he had carried out a wrongdoing against females which is obvious in his fantasy. Before the making of the beast he slaughtered his mom and sweetheart. Further he doesn't accept duty as a dad and deserts his youngster after its introduction to the world and leaves it under its moms care. Toward the end Victor feels pro foundly dedicated he communicated it in rather an abnormal way. He surrenders the production of an ideal being ho

7 E-mail Salutations to Use (And 4 to Avoid)

7 E-mail Salutations to Use (And 4 to Avoid) Have you ever opened an e-mail that began with Dear [your name] but your name was spelled wrong and you didnt care to read past that? Or worseâ€"have you ever received an e-mail with Dear Sir or Madam and immediately distrust its content because youre pretty sure the next few paragraphs will offer you 2.5 million dollars if youll only send your bank account information?If you answered yes to either of these questions, youre not alone. In fact, most people, after receiving either of these salutations in an e-mail exchange, chalk it up to spam or a marketer who doesnt bother to do their research. Even e-mail lists you sign up for in brand or product marketing campaigns make sure to put your name in the salutationâ€"and spell it correctly.As convenient as living in a digital age might be, the opportunity to miscommunicate via e-mail or text messaging is ever-present. And just as first impressions are important, so are the opening lines of your e-mail communication. Spelling a name wrong , or beginning your e-mail with a nonstandard or misinterpreted salutation is a sure way to make the wrong first impression and get off on the wrong foot in an e-mail exchange.As convenient as living in a digital age might be, the opportunity to miscommunicate via e-mail or text messaging is ever-present. Photo by Anete Lusina on UnsplashSo, lets look over seven examples of how to start your e-mails the right way, as well as four you should avoid at all costs. For each of the examples we offer that are good to use, well highlight when (or in what context) you should use it, why its a good choice, and potential problems you will want to consider before using it.As a final note, keep in mind that cultural differences could exist, so if your correspondence is outside of American, British, and Canadian contexts, a quick Google search on correct e-mail etiquette of other countries might be in order.1. Hi [First Name],When to useThis is a great e-mail salutation that works for most (note, not all) contexts.Why its a good choiceIts an informal salutation but not so informal as to be disrespectful in most circumstances (Note: see potential problems below).Potential problemsYou wouldnt want to use this greeting unless you are a peer of the recipient. Examples of peer relationships would be co-workers, clients you have already established a working relationship with, friends, neighbors, etc. If you are sending an e-mail to your manager or boss, or someone in a position of power, it could come across as presumptive and disrespectful if you dont share a certain level of familiarity in your working relationship with them. A good rule of thumb is: If you refer to the recipient on a first-name basis in everyday conversation, this is a great salutation to use in e-mail correspondence.2. Hi [Ms./Mr. Last Name],When to useThis is the more formal version of #1, and is best when used in situations in which you are not on a first-name basis with the recipient. Likely circumstances where this salutation would be the best choice are:Potential clients with whom you havent established a working relationshipPeers, managers or superiors on the job you are not on a first-name basis with in everyday conversationExecutive-level recipients outside of your department youve never met in person or with whom youve never established a close working relationshipEditors or agents during the query or submission processCity officialsFormal requestsTeachers (who have not earned an honorary title, such as Doctor)Why its a good choiceFor anyone with whom you havent established a first-name basis relationship, this is the most standard and semi-formal salutation you can use. An added bonus is: You dont need to know the recipients first name to use it.Potential problemsThe main problem you could encounter when using this salutation is getting the recipients gender wrong, for example, writing Dear Ms. Edwards for a recipient who is male. Another issue you could encounter is to write Dear Mrs. Edwards to an unmarried female. For this reason, its best to avoid Mrs. altogether and use the marital status-neutral Ms. instead.3. Dear [First Name],When to useThis is a slightly more formal version of #1 and should only be used in situations where communication on a first-name basis is appropriate. Although dear is, in some contexts, considered to be endearingâ€"in modern communication, it comes across as slightly stuffier than its Hi counterpart.Why its a good choiceThis is a good choice of salutation if you want a more formal version of #1 and works as a great e-mail greeting for anyone with whom youre on a first-name basis.Potential problemsThe main problem you might encounter with this salutation is coming across as more formal than you intended.4. Dear [Ms./Mr.] [Last Name]:When to useIf you want a slightly more formal approach to #2 (Hi Ms. Edwards), this is the best choice. As with #2, it can be used in a variety of contexts in which you are not on a first-name basis with the recipient.Why its a good choiceThis salutation covers a broad scope of contexts in which you would be conducting e-mail correspondence. In many cases, Hi and Dear are interchangeableâ€"its really based on the preference of the sender.Potential problemsYou really cant go wrong with this salutation, unless you are writing to a close friend or colleague with whom you have a first-name basis relationship. In that case, it might come across as stuffy and confusing, with your friend wondering if theyve said or done something to upset you.5. Dear [Doctor/Professor] [Last Name]:When to useThis is the best salutation to use when you are writing to a recipient who has an honorary title. Notice that in this salutation, the most standard punctuation is a colon rather than a comma. Here are some examples:Dear Lieutenant Brooks:Dear Dr. [or Doctor] Smith:Dear Honorable Jackson:Dear Mayor Wyatt:Dear Reverend Shay:Dear Professor Thompson:Obviously, there are dozens more honorary titl es than those listed here, so do your research on the front end to make sure you address the recipient correctly, based on his or her honorary title. If you are unsure of which to use, this website is a great resource for names, titles, and forms of address, including how to address an envelope, how to write the salutation in an e-mail or letter, and how to refer to him or her in person. It is published by The Protocol School of Washington, which offers continuing education and training in protocol, cross-cultural awareness, and business etiquette for advanced business studies. The website covers honorary titles from Abbots and Attorney Generals to Vice Presidents and Warrant Officers, and is a highly useful reference that is also available in print format.Why its a good choiceIf you are contacting someone with an honorary title, it is likely that your reason for communicating is important. People who have gained such titles have spent their life in pursuit of learning and preparing for it, so it should never be used incorrectlyâ€"or worse, not used at allâ€"in e-mail communication.Potential problemsThe misuse of an honorary title or use of an incorrect one is an etiquette faux pas in communication, including e-mail communication. You run the risk of being judged as unprofessional by doing so, which means that the message or request you are attempting to communicate could be ineffective or ignored.The misuse of an honorary title or use of an incorrect one is an etiquette faux pas in communication, including e-mail communication. Photo by Nacho Arteaga on Unsplash.6. Dear Staff or Dear Colleagues,When to useWhen you are addressing multiple people in your e-mail, such as correspondence to a companys entire staff, this is a good choice in salutation.Why its a good choiceIts neither too informal nor too formal, and takes care of addressing a number of recipients.Potential problemsOne thing to keep in mind is that if you are addressing a group of recipients like th is, your message should be something that everyone needs to hear. Dont send out passive aggressive e-mails addressed to a group when youre really only wanting the message to go out to a few.7. Dear Friends or Dear Family,When to useThis is a great choice in salutation for e-mails sent out to friends or relatives, such as announcements for reunions, births, marriages, or parties.Why its a good choiceAs long as all of the recipients fall into one category (friends or family), this is the most obvious choice and is better than Dear everyone or Hi all.Potential problemsAs noted in #6, be sure that the message is indeed intended for the entire group. If not, it could come across as a passive aggressive way of dealing with conflict that would be better handled face-to-face with those who are involved. And on that note, keep in mind that e-mails are not the best method of communicating negative news or conflicts that have arisen. Face-to-face conversations with those directly involved are the better choice in these situations.4 salutations to avoidNow that weve covered the best e-mail salutations to use and the circumstances to use them in, lets look at some overly formal, outdated, ineffective, overly enthusiastic, and impersonal salutations to avoid. The list of the top four is:Dear Sir or Madam (impersonal)To Whom It May Concern, (overly formal, impersonal)Hey! or Hi [Name]! (Overly enthusiastic)Happy Friday! (Overly enthusiastic; if you must write it, use the next line of the e-mail, not the salutation)

Teaching And Learning Center At Grantham University

Welcome to the Teaching and Learning Center at Grantham University. This is the Student Code of Conduct Workshop. Academic integrity is at the cornerstone of all we do at Grantham. According to Grantham’s University Catalog (page 39 starburst) Code of Conduct â€Å"Academic integrity is the foundation of Grantham University’s commitment to the academic honesty and personal integrity of its University community. †¦ Grantham University expects responsible behavior from students and strives to create and maintain an environment of social, moral and intellectual excellence. â€Å" In this workshop, we will discuss some of the violations of the Academic Integrity Policy, the reasoning behind it and what you can do to avoid these violations. †¢ First, we will discuss Cheating – what it is and its consequences o What is it? Basically, cheating - which is often referred to as plagiarism when it comes to assignments that involve writing things such as reports, research papers, essays, etc. INSERT BULLET LIST OF TYPES OF PAPERS- consist of: ï‚ § Submitting another student’s work as my own or ï‚ § Submitting work from a website where the work is purchased (insert appropriate image) o Why is cheating not allowed and how can it hurt you as a student? ï‚ § Well, the when you cheat, you do not demonstrate your own knowledge and learning – IMAGE HERE ï‚ § Also, it is unethical and dishonest IMAGE HERE ï‚ § As you might imagine, when you do not complete your own work you are not meeting assignment requirementsShow MoreRelatedGreat Innovators Essay1414 Words   |  6 Pagesdone to make enough money and to ensure proper education for his son. Martin Luther seized a Master of Arts degree from the University of Erfurt when he was only a mere twenty one years old. His parents were middle-class peasant laborers that worked through tough conditions to make a living. Subsequent to Hans vision for his son to become a lawyer, Martin started learning about law in 1505. One stormy night, Luther was walking, more or less running, in a storm that could have possibly ended hisRead MoreCsr Communication in the Pharma Industry35538 Words   |  143 Pagesand protocols of research methods; to evaluate the performance of individual techniques; and to estimate the likelihood of particular research designs to contribute to knowledge.† Professor Klaus Krippendorff. Annenberg School for C ommunications, University of Pennsylvania. (Krippendorff, 2004, p. xxi) The type of knowledge acquired in a scientific research depends on the researcher’s choice of tradition, which has an essential impact on the choice of methods, procedures, instruments and techniquesRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesOrganizational Behavior This page intentionally left blank Organizational Behavior EDITION 15 Stephen P. Robbins —San Diego State University Timothy A. Judge —University of Notre Dame i3iEi35Bj! Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo Editorial Director: Sally Yagan Director of Editorial Services:

My Father Writes His Story - 1307 Words

â€Å"My Father Writes His Story† â€Å"Western† and â€Å"Eastern† countries differ in many different ways. They both have their own history, culture and traditions. They also differ by how â€Å"Western† and â€Å"Eastern† people present themselves and tell stories about themselves. Me, being from a Western country, one of the values being very important to me is my heritage. I enjoy letting others know, where I was born and raised, because it makes me proud and it makes me â€Å"different† from the rest. Telling people where I am originally from is a very popular story, however I only tend to share this particular story with people I am comfortable with. I was born and raised in Germany. My parents raised me bilingual. My dad spoke mostly English with me, my mom and the rest of my environment spoke German. In 2013, by the age of 25, I moved the United States, in particular to Massachusetts. It is part of the â€Å"Eastern† culture to talk about their heritage. Jen points out in her father’s biography that even to this day, he enjoys telling his students that he is originally from China and he describes in â€Å"striking length† and in â€Å"striking detail† what the family house looked like back in China (Jen, 2013). Another value that is very important to me is my family. My family plays a big role in my life, since they have taught me all my cultural values, such as respect for elderly. When I tell funny and embarrassing childhood stories about myself, I usually share these with family members or with reallyShow MoreRelatedEssay on A Conversation with My Father by Grace Paley993 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"A Conversation with My Father†, by Grace Paley The short-story â€Å"A Conversation with My Father†, by Grace Paley, combines several themes and the author uses the elements of abandonment, denial, irony, humor and foreshadowing, to bring this emotional story together. This story is mainly about the relationship between a parent and his child. 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Extensive Notes Role of Operations Management Free Essays

Business Studies Notes Role of operation management: Strategic role of operations management- Operations refer to the business processes that involve transformation or, more generally, ‘production’. Applies both to the manufacturing and services sector. Turning raw materials and resources into outputs of finished goods or products. We will write a custom essay sample on Extensive Notes: Role of Operations Management or any similar topic only for you Order Now Qantas operations are strategically important because most organizational activity comprises the day to day activities within the operation function. * Cost leadership- Cost leadership involves aiming to have the lowest costs or to be the most price-competitive in the market. Qantas; Economies of scale, these are minimizations of cost because of the size of the business. Standardization, the more variations Qantas’ services like the types and frequency of the routes the higher production cost per unit. Technology, the adoption and application of advances in technology directly impact on production costs, reduction in labour costs. Waste, minimizing waste will deliver the lowest production costs, excess production, underutilization of labour or equipment, faulty or defective production and excess inventory. Goods/service differentiation- this approach does not mean competing on cost but by adding features to differentiate its products or service from its competitors. Qantas, Australia’s largest airline offering the most comprehensive domestic and international coverage. City flyer express service means that there are flights every 30 minutes in peak periods between the major capital cities in Australia. Also 76 international destinations. Qan tas budget airline Jet star. Goods and services in different industries- manufacturing- standardized or customized products, perishable or non-perishable products, intermediate goods service- standardized (fast food) or customized (doctors, legal services etc. ) or even self-service. Interdependence with other key business functions- human resources, finance and marketing –exist because of and to support the operations function. However, operations cannot succeed with out their contribution to and direct participation in the transformation of inputs into the final outputs. Qantas recruitment- for everyone from pilots to baggage handlers and cleaners. Training and development- newer planes need to retrain pilots, maintenance crews and cabin staff to effectively integrate the new craft. Retained staff- invested heavily in training pilots and maintenance staff to the high level required in this industry, so they want to retain them. Influences Globalization; refers to the removal of barriers of trade between nations, creating new market opportunities. Characterized by integration between national economies, transfer of capital, labour, financial resources and technology. Qantas- launching new airlines in Asia, cost minimization to be more internationally competitive Technology: innovation of devices. Communication, keeping up with competitors, supply chain management, quality expectations. Qantas- newer planes, newer operational processes, more training required Quality expectations- how well designed, made and functional goods are, and the overall degree of competence with which service are organized and delivered. Qantas- new generation check in, new Q bad tags, newer planes, specially designed menus Cost-based completion; recognizes that prices cannot keep increasing and reducing cost is a way to maximize profits when revenues are fixed. Qantas- outsourcing, reform to HR practices employing more labour saving techniques, online bookings Government policies; political decisions affect the businesses rules and regulations, which in turn, directly affect the management of various key business functions. Qantas- more resources devoted to compliance Legal regulation; the regulations that shape business practices and procedures must be followed at the risk of penalty, hence the term compliance. Environmental sustainability; environmental sustainability means that business operations should shaped around practices that consume resources today without compromising access to those resources for future generations. Qantas- purchasing new, environmentally sensitive aircraft, recycling, fuel conservation Corporate social responsibility; (CSR) is an important influence on business and its integrates financial social and environmental goals. Qantas- health surveillance program, energy and water conservation, recycling. * The difference between legal compliance and ethical responsibility; legal compliance refers to business abiding by the word of the law, where as ethical responsibility encompasses a much broader integration of social community and environmental concerns * Environmental sustainability and social responsibly:. Businesses are being asked to take increasing responsibility for the protection of the environment. The Earth is a fragile system, and needs high levels of support and informed intervention so that it may sustain itself. Qantas cultural diversity, reconciliation action plan is a program, which focuses on employing indigenous Australia’s. Also new aircraft now being delivered use less fuel per passenger. Social responsibility is good business — customers eventually find out which businesses are acting responsibly and which are not. Customers can react and stop buying a business’s product if they learn that the business is exploiting employees, accepting bribes or polluting the environment. Operations processes Inputs; labour, Energy, raw materials, machinery and technology (capital equipment) * Transformed resources: materials, information and customers. Are those inputs that are changed or converted in the operations process. The operations processes transform them. Transformed resources are also considered the resources that give the operations process its purpose or goal * Materials: Are the basic elements used in the production process and consist of two types: raw materials and intermediate goods. Raw: normally substances in their natural state such as mineral ore, timber oil and water. Qantas is the expensive fuel they use. * Intermediate good: which are goods manufactured and used in further manufacturing or processing. Qantas: examples are the food and ingredients for their catering services, stationary and computers * Information: is the knowledge gained from research, investigation and instruction, which result in an increase in understanding. The value of in formation lies mainly in its ability to influence behavior or decision-making. Qantas: in individual bookings (information) made by the customers are analyzed and transformed into decision as to which aircraft to use, which services are to offer. * Customers: Customers are generally thought of as being relevant to outputs, not inputs. Customers become transformed resources when their choices shape inputs. Qantas: customers are transformed by having their location changed from their starting point to the new destination. * Transforming resources (human resource, facilities): which are those inputs that carry out the transformation process. They enable the change and value adding to occur * Human resources: These are the people who assemble the inputs, operate and maintain the machinery and equipment used in the processes, fulfill the sales function, distribute the output and deal with the customers. Qantas this means everyone from cleaners and baggage handlers to the pilots and sales managers. * Facilities (capital): refer to the plant (factory or office) and machinery used in the operations processes. Major decisions include the design layout of the facilities, the number of facilities to be used, their location and their capacity. Qantas this includes the terminal buildings and their contents, maintenance facilities, spare parts holdings, aircraft, and even computers and motor vehicles. * Transformation processes: The main concept of operations processes is transformation, which is the conversion of inputs (resources) into outputs (goods or services). * The influence of volume, variation in demand and visibility (customer contact) * Volume: Volume refers to how much of a product is made. Volume flexibility refers to how quickly the transformation process can adjust to increases or decreases in demand. Standardized products. * Variety: The influence of variety on transformation processes is: the greater the variety made, the more the operations process needs to allow for variation. * Variation in demand: a variation in demand can impact significantly on transformation resources. An increase in demand will require increased inputs from suppliers, increased human resources, increased energy use and increased use of machinery and technology. Predicting demand. Qantas, experiences a predictable major increase in demand for school holidays and special events. * Visibility: Customer contact may be direct or indirect. Direct contact takes the form of customer feedback given through surveys, interviews, warranty claims, letters, Indirect feedback comes through a review of sales data that gives an indication of customer preferences and market share data, through an observation of peoples’ decision-making processes and through consumer reviews. Because businesses seek to maximize sales, customer contact is essential and ultimately shapes the transformation processes. Qantas is high visibility because there is customer contact throughout the whole process. * Sequencing and scheduling: Sequencing and scheduling are two very important aspects that assist with structuring and ordering the transformation processes. Sequencing refers to the order in which activities in the operations process occur. Scheduling refers to the length of time activities take within the operations process. Qantas: flight schedule that a customer sees shows departure and arrival times. It also includes making sure that each flight has crews. (pilots, cabin, catering) * Grantt Charts: The Gantt chart outlines the activities that need to be performed, the order in which they should be performed and how long each activity is expected to take * Critical path analysis: The Critical Path Analysis (CPA) is a scheduling method or technique that shows what tasks need to be done, how long they take and what order is necessary to complete those tasks. Technology, task design and process layout: Qantas: a major business expense for Qantas is the terminal, hanger and maintenance space is which the operations process takes place. Optimum process layout at Qantas is where machines and equipment are grouped together by function. This enables Qantas to utilise space and labour efficiently and eliminate bottlenecks. * Technology: technology is the application of science or knowledge that enables people t o do new things or perform established tasks in new and better ways. Qantas: has facilitated increase productivity, very often by directly replacing human capital. Examples include online check in, online booking, and electronic bag tags. * Task design: Task design involves classifying job activities in ways that make it easy for an employee to successfully perform and complete the task. Qantas: the break down of the full transformation process into the individual tasks to be preformed. * Process layout: The process layout is the arrangement of machines such that the machines and equipment are grouped together by the function (or process) they perform. Monitoring, controlling and improvement: Monitoring and control lead to improvements when there is a focus on quality and standards. Qantas involve detecting and discrepancy between planned and actual activity, taking corrective action and intervening to impose new plans if necessary. * Monitoring: Monitoring is the process of measuring actual performance against planned performance. Monitoring involves the measuring of all aspects of operations, from supply chain management and the use of inputs, through to transformation processes and outputs. Controlling: Control occurs when KPIs are assessed against predetermined targets and corrective action is taken if required. This means controlling compares what was intended to happen with what has actually occurred. * Improvement: Improvement refers to systematic reduction of inefficiencies and wastage, poor work processes and the elimination of any bottlenecks. A bottleneck is an aspect of the transformation process that slows down the overall processing speed or creates an impediment leading to a backlog of incompletely processed products. Outputs: Essentially outputs are the result of a business’s efforts — the final good or service that is delivered or provided to the consumer * Customer service: f a customer expresses dissatisfaction with a product on account of it being defective, not meeting quality expectations, fin ds wait times/lead times too long or returns the product or makes a warranty claim, then the operations processes need review. Qantas: meets the needs of customers. Also has adopted the ‘net promoter score’ as a key measuring of customer service. Qantas closed loop feedback program enables direct feedback from its 1100 frequent flyers. * Warranties: Warranty claims are made against goods that have defects arising from an issue in transformation. Although a small proportion of warranty claims are false, the number of claims made against a business on a particular product line or product range will give an indication of problems in the processing. Operations strategies: * Performances objectives: Performance objectives are goals that relate to particular aspects of the transformation processes. These objectives or targets will be set so that the business becomes more efficient, productive and profitable. * Quality: consumer expectations, which are used to inform the production standards applied by the business often determines Quality. Quality of design, conformance, service. Qantas: means consistently producing its services to customer expectations, doing things right. Includes, clean and tidy aircraft, staff are courteous, helpful and friendly and their website is user friendly. * Speed: Speed refers to the time it takes for the production and the operations processes to respond to changes in market demand. Speed requires that changes in input levels and processing times can be made in response to demand. Qantas: customer asking for their service and getting it. Things to increase speed of service are booking flights on line, on-line check in, check in kiosks and Q bag tags. * Dependability: dependability, as a performance objective, refers to how consistent and reliable a business’s products are. Dependability, in respect of goods, refers to how long the products are useful before they fail. Dependability refers to consistency of service standards and reliability. Qantas: time departures and arrivals, Qantas has outperformed its rivals in these statistics its dependability has been seriously eroded in recent years because of mechanical failures, and industrial disputes. * Flexibility: flexibility refers to how quickly operations processes can adjust to changes in the market. Time and flexibility are related; the quicker the processing time the greater the likelihood that processes can be adjusted quickly. Qantas: ability to respond to changes in market demand, either by changing the products offered, changing the mix of products, changing the volume of product or by changing the delivery times. Jet Star is Qantas’ response to the competition of low cost airlines. * Customization: Customization refers to creation of individualized products to meet the specific needs of the customers. Services are generally customized, although aspects of services can be standardized as seen in the fast-food sector. Customization means giving Qantas customers more options by varying the product in minor ways. It varies its products by offering jet start and a more no frills alternative and offering different classes of seating. Cost: Cost as a performance objective refers to the minimization of expenses such that operations processes are conducted as cheaply as possible. Qantas has interest in keeping their cost as low as is compatible with the levels of quality, speed, dependability and flexibility that their customers require. * Supple chain management: Supply chain management (SCM) involves integrating and managing the flow of supplies throughout the inputs, transformation processes (throughput and value adding) and outputs to best meet the needs of customers. Supply chain management refers to controlling the flow of supplies though Qantas’ whole operations process from sourcing the raw materials like fuel to final delivery to and service of the service. Increased transaction speed and increased customer satisfaction. Inventory is a major expense in the operations process. Raw materials such as fuel must be sourced and purchased, they must be stored and be available, they must be moved and they must be transformed. * Global sourcing: modern operations involve increasing levels of global sourcing –obtaining suppliers with out being constrained to local sources. There are some risks involved because of changing exchange rates and coming under laws and customs, which apply in other countries. Qantas has employed some pilots in New Zealand and some cabin staff in Asia at lower wages that paid in Australian and has some engine maintenance carried out in Malaysia on a cost benefit basis. * E-commerce: This is simply buying and selling on the internet. This technology has had a major impact on SCM. It has replaced time consuming and costly manual processes of the past. It provides for real time information on Quantity, Quality, availability, source and price of all goods and services to be instantly accessible from a range of suppliers local and international. * Logistics: this is the task of ensuring tat Qantas has al the Physical inputs in the quantities needed in the right place at the right time (e. g. pilots, cabin crew, baggage handling, maintenance and catering) for the operations process (fights) to take place undisrupted and hence at optimum efficiency. * Outsourcing: Outsourcing involves the use of external providers to perform business activities. The theory behind outsourcing is that when an external provider that specializes in a particular business function performs a service, it will do so at a lower cost and with a greater effectiveness than the same task done within the business hierarchy. * Advantages of outsourcing for Qantas: * Saving capital outlay-factory space and machinery are provided by another business at their expense * Saving in labour-staff management and expenses are born by the other business * Increased dependability- more than one external supplier can be accessed, thus ensuring security of supply. Saving in cost- the other business can provide the input at a lower price than it can be done in-house. * Access to higher level skills- the other business contains skills that do not exist in-house * Increased flexibility- variations in demand are managed by other business * Saving in management- having set up contracts, management can concentrate only on the tasks it does perform in-house. * Disadvantages of outsourcing for Qantas: * Dependency-the operations process is now dependent on another party for supply of inputs; failures in that external supply chain can cause major internal disruption and expense. Loss of control and security- there can be loss in control of standards and vulnerability to proprietary and patent data and information accessible by the supplier * Quality- control is no longer exercised over the inputs used by the outsourced supplier * False economy- outsourced inputs can become more expensive over time so constant review of the decision is warranted * Cost- the one-off expense of redundancies to staff no longer required is an offset to the savings from outsourcing. Technology: Technology in the operations function may be classified according to whether it applies to and improves inputs, transformations processes and outputs; or whether it makes the managerial and administrative functions smoother. * Leading edge: Leading edge technology is the technology that i s the most advanced or innovative at any point in time. Operations managers can distinguish their operations processes by utilizing the best available technologies. This can help businesses to create products more quickly and to higher standards, with less waste, and also help a business to operate more effectively. Established technology: Established technology is the technology that has been developed and widely used, and is simply accepted without question. Such technologies include the use of computers and various software packages in managing business operations and functions. Established technologies are functionally sound and help to establish basic standards for productivity and speed. Qantas was one of a number of airlines who placed advance orders for the new airbus A380, but they opted to make sure they were NOT the airline to receive the very First one. Inventory management: inventory refers to the raw materials, work in progress (unfinished goods still undergoing the tr ansformation process) and finished goods held by the business at a point in time. The extent of these holdings is an important operational strategic decision, because they represent significant capital outlay (cost), which is yet to yield revenue. To hold excess quantities adds additional cost on production, but to hold too little can result in disruption to production and loss of sales because customer demand cannot be met. This is more of an issue for manufacturing businesses than for Qantas because they do not ‘store’ product to meet customer demand like a manufacturing one does. Inventory management is the system that manages the ordering, storage and recovery of the material inputs used in production. * Quality management: Quality management refers to those processes that a business undertakes to ensure consistency, reliability, safety and fitness of purpose of product. In operations, quality management includes quality controls at each stage of processing. Qantas has marketed as a high quality, perfect safety record, full service airline and commanded premium fares; at the other end of the spectrum is jet star which has traded quality for price and markets as a no frill low cost airline. * Quality control: programmed inspections are carried out at key stages of Qantas’ service (on a continuing basis) to ensure the process is meeting specified standards. If not, then management intervenes and corrective action is taken to bring the process back within standards. It attempts to solve the root cause of Quality problems at Qantas * Quality assurance: the minimum level of satisfactory quality at all stages of the process is continually monitored at Qantas by actual measurement and comparison against pre-determined standards. It attempts to broaden the organizational responsibility for quality at Qantas. * Quality improvement: Maintaining competitive advantage is not only a matter of maintaining quality of output; the aim must be to improve quality over time by reducing error, and finding better ways of performing the tasks leading to lower cost or higher quality at the same cost. All staff are invited to participate with suggestions and ideas. It also involves Qantas’ customers and suppliers. It attempts to make quality both central and strategic within Qantas. * Overcoming resistance the change. : All businesses are subject to change from the external environment. Legislative and regulatory changes, changes in economic conditions, social changes over time and technological breakthroughs all impact on the business and shape its operations. Moreover, change can also come from within the business through the initiative of staff or the application of technology and a focus on innovation. * Financial costs: One major cause of a resistance to change from managers and business owners is that of financial costs. The main financial costs associated with change include the:, cost of purchasing new equipment, cost of redundancies, costs of retraining employees, costs associated with structural reorganisation of the business, including changes to plant and equipment layouts. Purchasing new equipment: Qantas plan to spend $US 22 billion in new technology and equipment between 2011 and 2018. * Redundancy costs: to implement staff reductions incurs mandatory redundancy payments to the workers retrenched. The alternative to redundancies is to rely on attrition and recruit casual and part time workers. * Retraining costs: significant change incurs retraining expenditure. The adoption of the new reservation system, introduction of new business class, annual security training and engineering and maintenance for are aircraft. Plant layout cost: acquiring new aircraft requires re-organization of maintenance operations to seek increased capacity and efficiency. Jetstar is replacing Boeing 717s with airbus A380s so a new heavy maintenance base becomes necessary because the existing one cannot accommodate the larger planes. The A380 also requires refurbishment of the Qantas Jet base. * Inertia: the unenthusiastic response of some managers, some staff and even some of the owners is an impediment to change and will be evident and will have to be overcome. How to cite Extensive Notes: Role of Operations Management, Essay examples

Supply and Demand The Case of Milk

Milk prices are soaring. Millions of consumers all over the world buy milk products on a daily basis and are not willing to give them up. Climate change, competition among biofuel producers, trade policies and other factors drive global milk prices and turn milk into one of the most expensive food products (Arnold, 2007). â€Å"Cows are fed with corn and as more corn is diverted to energy production, feed costs and dairy farmers in turn pass those costs up the food chain† (Doherty, 2007).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Supply and Demand: The Case of Milk specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Simultaneously, international milk producers fail to cope with the growing demand for milk. The demand for milk products is at all-time high (Arnold, 2007). The roaring global economy and rising incomes in India, China, and Latin America make the task of producing enough milk extremely challenging and virtually unachievabl e (Arnold, 2007). Milk products are similar to gasoline: consumers cannot give them up even when the price grows unbearable (Doherty, 2007). Financial experts predict that, as the price of milk increases, the demand for milk products is likely to remain unchanged (Doherty, 2007). Apparently, the elasticity of demand for milk and milk products is extremely low. Put simply, the global demand for milk and milk products is not responsive to changes in milk prices. It should be noted, that elasticity is the central measure of market responsiveness in microeconomics (Baumol Blinder, 2008). The main determinants of demand elasticity include the nature of the good, availability of substitutes, household budgets, and passage of time (Rittenberg Tregarthen, 2011). The nature of the good is directly related to demand elasticity: necessities like food products tend to have inelastic demand curves (Baumol Blinder, 2008). This is particularly the case of milk, since many consumers perceive mil k as the fundamental ingredient of their diets and large food manufacturers use milk in their products. Milk does not have close substitutes, and substitutability remains one of the main factors of demand elasticity in microeconomics (Baumol Blinder, 2008). Given that the demand for milk is highly inelastic, the demand curve for milk will look as follows: Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Fig.1. Inelastic demand for milk and milk products. Thousands of consumers spend their budgets on milk, because they believe it to be useful for their health. Consumers take the usefulness of milk for granted (Doherty, 2007). They treat milk as an excellent source of cheap proteins (Doherty, 2007). Therefore, if an advertising campaign spreads the message that milk helps to reduce weight, the quantity demanded will soar. Fig.2. Changes in quantity demanded and price after the advertising c ampaign. The price of milk in the short-term period will remain unchanged, as the growing demand for milk products does not reduce the costs of milk production. In short-term periods farmers will also experience the shortage of supply. In the long run, the price of milk will increase to create new market equilibrium. A mad cow disease epidemic will reduce the amount of milk in the market. The quantity demanded will drop, since customers will not be willing to purchase milk products and get infected. The supply curve will move to the left together with the demand curve. The price of milk will remain unchanged.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Supply and Demand: The Case of Milk specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Changes in the price of milk will cause no shifts in the demand curve. However, the quantity demanded will change. Consumers will want to purchase more milk at a lower price. An increase in the demand for mi lk products will manifest through movements along the demand curve. However, as the demand for milk increases, most farmers will fail to supply enough milk to the market, followed by the shortage of milk products. Consequentially, changes in the price of milk may move the supply curve to the left: possibly, milk manufacturers will have to adopt new technologies to meet the growing demand for milk. How the government price ceiling for milk affects the supply and demand of milk products depends on whether the ceiling price is below or above the market-determined equilibrium. Actually, the government price ceiling for agricultural products is a frequent object of microeconomic analysis. The government is believed to produce heavy influences on the stability and equilibrium in the milk market. The government-imposed price ceiling above the market-established equilibrium price will have no effects on either the supply or demand of milk. By contrast, the ceiling price below the market-est ablished equilibrium will cause profound effects on the supply and demand of milk. Farmers will not be able to charge the market price for milk. Some suppliers may choose to leave the milk market. Reduced supply will cause the shortage of milk products in the market. Consumers will fail to meet their demand for milk and milk products. Price control is one of the most controversial aspects of the market-government relationship. Government price ceilings reduce consumer prices, whereas price floors increase firms’ revenues and incomes (Economics Help, 2008). Consumers believe that government price ceilings limit suppliers’ ambitions and make goods and service affordable. Government price ceilings alter the market equilibrium in the agricultural market. Price controls are associated with numerous disadvantages. First, government price ceilings lead to the shortage of goods in the market (Economics Help, 2008).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Second, government controls of minimum prices raise consumer prices and result in oversupply of products and production inefficiency (Economics Help, 2008). Given that milk does not have close substitutes and is considered a food necessity, its demand is inelastic. As a result, any increase in price for milk will inevitably lead to an increase in total revenues, as slight reductions in quantity demanded are a trifle, compared with the revenues earned from increased prices (Quick MBA, 2011). Conclusion Milk prices are soaring. More consumers are willing to have milk in their diets. Climate changes, new technologies, and increased consumer incomes make the task of producing enough milk virtually unachievable. The elasticity of demand for milk and milk products is extremely low. Put simply, the global demand for milk and milk products is not responsive to changes in milk prices. Many consumers perceive milk as the fundamental ingredient of their diets and large food manufacturers use m ilk in their products. Milk does not have close substitutes, and substitutability remains one of the main factors of demand elasticity in microeconomics. When an advertising campaign spreads the message that milk helps to reduce weight, the quantity demanded will soar. Changes in the price of milk will cause no shifts in the demand curve. Any increase in price for milk will inevitably lead to an increase in total revenues, as slight reductions in quantity demanded are a trifle compared with the revenues earned from increased prices. References Arnold, W. (2007). A thirst for milk bred by new wealth sends prices soaring. The New York Times. Web. Baumol, W. J. Blinder, A. S. (2008). Microeconomics: Principles and policy. Boston: Cengage Learning. Doherty, R. E. (2007). Milk demand stays strong despite high prices. Reuters. Web. Economics Help. (2008). Price controls – advantages and disadvantages. Economics Help. Web. Quick MBA. (2011). Price elasticity of demand. Quick MBA. W eb. Rittenberg, L. Tregarthen, T. (2011). Principles of microeconomics. Flatworld Knowledge. Web. This essay on Supply and Demand: The Case of Milk was written and submitted by user Leonard Hatfield to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.